Mexican and Canadian NAFTA


Mexican and Canadian NAFTA Professional Worker

Important Notice:

The extended credential certification requirement deadline for Mexican and Canadian healthcare workers other than physicians is ending on July 26, 2005. After July 26, 2005 healthcare workers such as registered nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists and medical technologists working under NAFTA trade status in the U.S. and who were employed and licensed in the U.S. prior to September 23, 2003 must have credential certification. To learn more, please see the Federal Register Notice.

Overview
How Can Professionals from Mexico and Canada Work in U.S.?
Requirements for Canadian Citizens
Requirements for Mexican Citizens
Mexican Citizens - Applying for a TN Visa
Employment Letter
What are the Required Fees?
Additional Documentation or Qualifying Requirements
Is Licensure Required?
Spouses and Children
How Long Can I Stay?
Extension of Stay
How Do I Get More Information on the TN Visa?
About the NAFTA Professional Job Series List
Additional Information
Misrepresentation of a Material Facts, or Fraud
Visa Ineligibility/ Waiver
Visa Denials
Entering the U.S. - Port of Entry
Staying Beyond Your Authorized Stay in the U.S. and Being Out of Status
Further Visa Inquiries

Overview

NAFTA is the North American Free Trade Agreement. It creates special economic and trade relationships for the United States, Canada and Mexico. The nonimmigrant NAFTA Professional (TN) visa allows citizens of Canada and Mexico, as NAFTA professionals to work in the United States. Permanent residents, including Canadian permanent residents, are not able to apply to work as a NAFTA professional.

How Can Professionals from Mexico and Canada Work in the United States?

Professionals of Canada or Mexico may work in the U.S. under the following conditions:

* Applicant is a citizen of Canada or Mexico;
* Profession is on the NAFTA list;
* Position in the U.S. requires a NAFTA professional;
* Mexican or Canadian applicant is to work in a prearranged full-time or part-time job, for a U.S. employer (see documentation required). Self employment is not permitted;
* Professional Canadian or Mexican citizen has the qualifications of the profession

The requirements for applying for citizens of Canada and Mexico, shown below, are different.

Requirements for Canadian Citizens

Canadian citizens usually do not need a visa as a NAFTA Professional, although a visa can be issued to qualified TN visa applicants upon request. However, a Canadian residing in another country with a non-Canadian spouse and children would need a visa to enable the spouse and children to be able to apply for a visa to accompany or join the NAFTA Professional, as a TD visa holder. To apply for visa, please see the requirements under the section Mexican Citizens - Applying for a TN Visa - Required Documentation.

A Canadian citizen without a TN visa can apply at a U.S. port of entry with all of the following:

* Request for admission under TN status to Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection, U.S. immigration officer;
* Employment Letter - Evidence of professional employment. See Employment Letter below;
* Proof of professional qualifications, such as transcripts of grades, licenses, certificates, degrees, and/or records of previous employment;
* Proof of ability to meet applicable license requirements;
* Proof of Canadian citizenship- Canadian citizens may present a passport, as visas are not required, or they may provide secondary evidence, such as a birth certificate. However, Canadian citizens traveling to the United States from outside the Western Hemisphere are required to present a valid passport at the port-of-entry;
* Fee of U.S. $50

Requirements for Mexican Citizens

As of January 1, 2004 the procedures were simplified for Mexicans by removing the requirement for petition approval and for filing of a labor condition application. Mexicans are no longer subject to numerical limitation for these professionals. Mexican citizens still require a visa to request admission to the United States.

Mexican Citizens - Applying for a TN Visa - Required Documentation

Mexican citizens may apply at consular sections around the world for a NAFTA professional (TN) visa. As part of the visa application process, an interview at the embassy consular section is required for most visa applicants. Interviews are generally by appointment only. As part of the visa interview, an ink-free, digital fingerprint scan can generally be expected. The waiting time for an interview appointment for most applicants is a few weeks or less, but for some embassy consular sections it can be considerably longer. Visa wait times for interview appointments and visa processing time information for each U.S. Embassy or Consulate worldwide is now available on our website at Visa Wait Times, and on most embassy websites. Visit the Embassy Consular Section website where you will apply for your visa to find out how to schedule an interview appointment, pay the fees and any other instructions.

Each Mexican applicant for a TN visa must submit these forms and documentation, and submit fees as explained below:

* An application, Nonimmigrant Visa Application, Form DS-156, completed and signed. The DS-156 must be the March 2006 date, electronic "e-form application." Select Nonimmigrant Visa Application Form DS-156 to access the electronic version of the DS-156.
* Supplemental Nonimmigrant Visa Application, Form DS-157 provides additional information about your travel plans. Submission of this completed form is required for all male applicants between 16-45 years of age. It is also required for all applicants from state sponsors of terrorism age 16 and over, irrespective of gender, without exception. For this purpose nationals of the following countries designated as state sponsors of terrorism, including North Korea, Cuba, Syria, Sudan, and Iran must submit the supplemental form. Select Special Processing Procedures to learn more. You should know that a consular officer may require any nonimmigrant visa applicant to complete this form. Here is Form, DS-157.
* A passport valid for travel to the United States and with a validity date at least six months beyond the applicant's intended period of stay in the United States.
* One (1) 2x2 photograph. See the required photo format explained in Nonimmigrant Photograph Requirements . A photograph is not required if you are applying in Mexico.
* Letter of employment in the United States (see below)

Additionally, as nonimmigrants, applicants must demonstrate that:

* That their stay is a temporary period that has a reasonable, finite end that does not equate to permanent residence.

Employment Letter

The employer in the U.S. must provide to the applicant a Letter of Employment in the United States. The letter must indicate that the position in question in the U.S. requires the employment of a person in a professional capacity, consistent with the NAFTA Chapter 16, Annex 1603, Appendix 1603.d.1.

The applicant must present evidence of professional employment to satisfy the Consular Officer of your plans to be employed in prearranged business activities for a U.S. employer(s) or entity(ies) at a professional level. Part-time employment is permitted. Self-employment is not permitted. An employment letter or contract providing a detailed description of the business activities may be provided from the U.S. or foreign employer, and should state the following:

* Activity in which the applicant shall be engaged;
* Purpose of entry;
* Anticipated length of stay;
* Educational qualifications or appropriate credentials demonstrating professional status;
* Evidence of compliance with DHS regulations, and/or state laws; and
* Arrangements for pay.
* Although not required, proof of licensure to practice a given profession in the United States may be offered along with a job offer letter, or other documentation in support of a TN visa application.

What are the Required Fees?

* Nonimmigrant visa application processing fee - Each applicant for a visitor visa must pay a nonrefundable US $100 nonimmigrant visa application processing fee.
* Visa issuance fee – Additionally, if the visa is issued, there will be an additional visa issuance reciprocity fee, if applicable. Please consult the Visa Reciprocity Tables to find out if you must pay a visa issuance reciprocity fee and what the fee amount is. If there is a fee for issuance for the visa, it is equal as nearly as possible to the fee charged to United States citizens by the applicant's country of nationality.

Additional Documentation or Qualifying Requirements

Additionally, applicants must demonstrate that they are properly classifiable as NAFTA Professional for TN visa, under U.S. law by:

* Education Requirement- The applicant's employer must submit proof that the applicant meets the minimum education requirements or has the alternative credentials set forth in NAFTA agreement, chapter 16 appendix 1603.d.1. Evidence of professional qualifications may be in the form of degrees, certificates, diplomas, professional licenses, or membership in a professional organization. Degrees, diplomas, or certificates received from an educational institution outside the United States, Canada, or Mexico must be accompanied by an evaluation by a reliable credentials evaluation service specializing in evaluating foreign documentation.
* Work Experience Requirement - Document proving to the applicant's experience should be in the form of letters from former employers. If the applicant was self-employed, business records should be submitted proving that self-employment.

Is Licensure Required?

Requirements for NAFTA professional do not include licensure. Licensure to practice a given profession in the United States is a post-entry requirement subject to enforcement by the appropriate state or other sub-federal authority.

Spouses and Children

Spouses and children (unmarried children under the age of 21) who are accompanying or following to join NAFTA Professionals (TN visa holders) may receive a derivative TD visa. Applicants must demonstrate a bona fide spousal or parent-child relationship to the principal TN visa holder. Dependents do not have to be citizens of Mexico or Canada. Spouses and children cannot work while in the U.S. They are permitted to study.

Canadian citizen spouses and children do not need visas, but they must have the following documents at the port of entry:

* Proof of Canadian citizenship;
* Proof of relationship to the principal applicant, such as marriage certificate and birth certificate; and
* Photocopies of entry documents of the principal applicant.

Mexican citizen spouses and children must apply for TD nonimmigrant visas at a U.S. embassy or consulate.

If the spouse and children are not Canadian citizens, they must get a TD nonimmigrant visa from a U.S. embassy or consulate. They must contact the U.S. embassy or consulate that serves their area for information on how to make visa applications.

Spouses or children following to join must show a valid I-94, thereby providing proof that the principal TN visa holder is maintaining his/her TN visa status.

How Long Can I Stay?

The maximum period of admission into the U.S is one year. The US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) grants extensions of stay in time amounts of one year. There is no limit on the number of years a TN visa holder can stay in the United States. However, the TN visa status is not for permanent residence.

Extension of Stay

For Canadian or Mexican citizens admitted as a NAFTA Professional may seek an extension of stay, which may be granted up to one year, by:

* If the applicant is in the U.S., employer may file Form I-129 Petition for Non-immigrant Worker with the US Citizenship and Immigration Services’ (USCIS) Nebraska Service Center.; or
* Applicant may apply at a port of entry using the same application and documentation procedures above as required for the initial entry.

How Do I Get More Information on the TN Visa?

Further information on the NAFTA, including the “NAFTA Handbook,” go to the Department of Homeland Security, USCIS Website, select North American Trade Agreement.

Canadian citizens can find more specific information regarding TN visas through Embassy Ottawa's website.

About the NAFTA Professional Job Series List

For a complete list of professions with minimum education requirements and alternative credentials, see NAFTA's website. With some exceptions, each profession requires a baccalaureate degree as an entry-level requirement. If a baccalaureate is required, experience cannot be substituted for that degree. In some professions, alternative criteria to a bachelor's degree is listed. For some professions, experience is required in addition to the degree.

Additional Information

* No assurances regarding the issuance of visas can be given in advance. Therefore final travel plans or the purchase of nonrefundable tickets should not be made until a visa has been issued.
* Unless previously canceled, a visa is valid until its expiration date. Therefore, if the traveler has a valid U.S. visitor visa in an expired passport, do not remove the visa page from the expired passport. You may use it along with a new valid passport for travel and admission to the United States.

Misrepresentation of a Material Facts, or Fraud

Attempting to obtain a visa by the willful misrepresentation of a material fact, or fraud, may result in the permanent refusal of a visa or denial of entry into the United States. Classes of Aliens Ineligible to Receive Visas , provides important information about ineligibilities.

Visa Ineligibility/ Waiver

The Nonimmigrant Visa Application, Form DS-156, lists classes of persons who are ineligible under U.S. law to receive visas. In some instances an applicant who is ineligible, but who is otherwise properly classifiable as a visitor, may apply for a waiver of ineligibility and be issued a visa if the waiver is approved. Classes of Aliens Ineligible to Receive Visas provides important information about ineligibilities, by reviewing sections of the law taken from the immigration and Nationality Act.

Visa Denials

If the consular officer should find it necessary to deny the issuance of a TN visa, the applicant may apply again if there is new evidence to overcome the basis for the refusal. For additional information, select Denials to learn more.

Entering the U.S. - Port of Entry

Applicants should be aware that a visa does not guarantee entry into the United States. The visa allows a foreign citizen to travel to a port-of-entry in the United States, such as an international airport, a seaport or a land border crossing, and request permission to enter the U.S. The Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection, U.S. immigration inspector will permit or deny admission to the United States, and determine your length of stay in the U.S., on any particular visit. Form I-94, Record of Arrival-Departure, which notes the length of stay permitted, is validated by the immigration official. Form I-94, which documents your authorized stay in the U.S., is very important to keep in your passport. Additionally, as a Mexican citizen seeking entry as a NAFTA professional, you must present evidence of professional employment to satisfy the Immigration Officer of your plans to be employed in prearranged business activities for a U.S. employer(s) or entity(ies) at a professional level. To find out more detailed information about admissions and entry in the U.S., select Admissions to go to the Department of Homeland Security, Bureau of Customs and Border Protection Internet site.

Staying Beyond Your Authorized Stay in the U.S. and Being Out of Status

* You should carefully consider the dates of your authorized stay and make sure you are following the procedures under U.S. immigration laws. It is important that you depart the U.S. on or before the last day you are authorized to be in the U.S. on any given trip, based on the specified end date on your Arrival-Departure Record, Form I-94. Failure to depart the U.S. will cause you to be out-of-status.
* Staying beyond the period of time authorized by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and being out-of-status in the United States is a violation of U.S. immigration laws, and may cause you to be ineligible for a visa in the future for return travel to the U.S. Select Classes of Aliens Ineligible to Receive Visas to learn more.
* Staying unlawfully in the United States beyond the date Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials have authorized, even by one day, results in your visa being automatically voided, in accordance with INA 222(g). Under this provision of immigration law, if you overstay on your nonimmigrant authorized stay in the U.S. your visa will be automatically voided. In this situation, you are required to reapply for a new nonimmigrant visa, generally in your country of nationality.
* For nonimmigrants in the U.S. who have an Arrival-Departure Record, Form I-94 with the CBP admitting officer endorsement of Duration of Status or D/S, but who are no longer performing the same function in the U.S. that they were originally admitted to perform (e.g. you are no longer working for the same employer or you are no longer attending the same school), a DHS or an immigration judge makes a finding of status violation, resulting in the termination of the period of authorized stay.

Further Visa Inquiries

* Questions on visa application procedures and visa ineligibilities should be made to the American consular office abroad by the applicant. Before submitting your inquiry, we request that you carefully review this web site and also the Embassy Consular web site abroad. Very often you will find the information you need.
* If your inquiry concerns a visa case in progress overseas, you should first contact the U.S. Embassy or Consulate handling your case for status information. Select U.S. Embassy or Consulate , and you can choose the Embassy or Consulate Internet site you need to contact.

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NAFTA provides a simplified visa application procedure for Canadian professionals otherwise classifiable in the H-1B category. These professionals may apply for the TN temporary work visa at any Class "A" Port of Entry. The TN visa is valid for one year periods renewable indefinitely. In addition, there is no annual numerical limitation on the number of TN visas issued.

The following is the NAFTA list of professions qualifying for TN status:
Appendix 1603.D.1

Accountant Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or C.P.A., C.A., C.G.A., or C.M.A.
Architect Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or state/provincial license.
Computer Systems Analyst Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or Post-Secondary Diploma or Post Secondary Certificate and three years' experience.
Disaster relief insurance claims adjuster (claims adjuster employed by an insurance company located in the territory of a Party, or an independent claims adjuster) Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree and successful completion of training in the appropriate areas of insurance adjustment pertaining to disaster relief claims; or three years experience in claims adjustment and successful completion of training in the appropriate areas of insurance adjustment pertaining to disaster relief claims.
Economist Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Engineer Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or state/provincial license.
Forester Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or state/provincial license.
Graphic designer Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or post-secondary diploma and three years experience.
Hotel manager Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree in hotel/restaurant management; or post-secondary diploma or post-secondary certificate in hotel/restaurant management and three years experience in hotel/restaurant management.
Industrial designer Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or post-secondary diploma or post-secondary certificate, and three years experience.
Interior designer Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or post-secondary diploma or post-secondary certificate, and three years experience.
Land surveyor Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree or state/provincial/federal license.
Landscape architect Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Lawyer (including Notary in the province of Québec)
L.L.B., J.D., L.L.L., B.C.L., or Licenciatura degree (five years); or membership in a state/provincial bar.
Librarian M.L.S., or B.L.S. (for which another Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree was a prerequisite).
Management consultant
Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or equivalent professional experience as established by statement or professional credential attesting to five years experience as a management consultant, or five years experience in a field of specialty related to the consulting agreement. Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Mathematician (including statistician) Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Range manager/ Range conservationist Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Research assistant (working in a post-secondary educational institution) Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Scientific technician/ technologist a theoretical knowledge of any of the following disciplines: agricultural sciences, astronomy, biology, chemistry, engineering, forestry, geology, geophysics, meteorology, or physics. and the ability to solve practical problems in any of those disciplines, or the ability to apply principles of any of those disciplines to basic or applied research.
Social worker Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Sylviculturist (including forestry specialist) Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Teacher / College or University Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Teacher / Seminary Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Technical publications writer Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree, or post-secondary diploma or post-secondary certificate, and three years experience.
Urban planner (including geographer) Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Vocational counselor Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.

Medical/Allied Professionals
Dentist D.D.S., D.M.D., Doctor en Odontologia or Doctor en Cirugia Dental or state/provincial license.
Dietitian Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or state/provincial license.
Medical laboratory technologist Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or post-secondary diploma or post secondary certificate, and three years experience.
Nutritionist Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Occupational therapist Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or state/provincial license.
Pharmacist Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or state/provincial license.
Physician (teaching or research only) M.D., Doctor en Medicina: or state/provincial license.
Physiotherapist/ physical therapist Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree; or state/provincial license.
Psychologist State/provincial license; or Licenciatura degree.
Recreational therapist Baccalaureate or Licenciatura degree.
Registered nurse State/provincial license or Licenciatura degree.
Veterinarian D.V.M., D.M.V., or Doctor en Veterinaria; or state/provincial license.
 

Scientist

All of the above professions require a bachelors degree (unless otherwise provided) in order to qualify for the TN status. Computer Systems Analysts for instance are required to have either a bachelors degree, or a post secondary diploma and 3 years of experience in order to qualify for TN status. Medical Technologists may also qualify with a post secondary diploma, and 3 years of experience.

In order to apply for the TN visa at a Class "A" Port of Entry, the applicant must provide the U.S. Immigration Service with a letter from his/her U.S. or Canadian employer, and proof of his/her professional qualifications.